Differential expression of CC chemokines (CCLs) and receptors (CCRs) by human T lymphocytes in response to different Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes

In Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, different serotypes have been described based on LPS antigenicity. Recently, our research group has reported a differential immunogenicity when T lymphocytes were stimulated with these different serotypes. In particular, it was demonstrated that the serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans has a stronger capacity to trigger Th1- and Th17-type cytokine production.Objective This study aimed to quantify the expression of different CC chemokines (CCLs) and receptors (CCRs) in T lymphocytes stimulated with the differentA. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. In addition, the expression of the transcription factors T-bet, GATA-3, RORC2, and Foxp3, master-switch genes implied in the Th1, Th2, Th17, and T-regulatory differentiation, respectively, was analysed in order to determine T-cell phenotype-specific patterns of CCL and CCR expression upon A. actinomycetemcomitans stimulation.Material and Methods Human naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes were obtained from healthy subjects and stimulated with autologous dendritic cells primed with the differentA. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. The expression levels for the chemokines CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL11, CCL17, CCL20, CCL21, CCL25, and CCL28, as well as the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10 were quantified by qPCR. Similarly, the expression levels for the transcription factors T-bet, GATA-3, RORC2, and Foxp3 were quantified and correlated with the CCL and CCR expression levels.Results Higher expression levels of CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL20, CCL21, CCL28, CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, and CCR9 were detected in T lymphocytes stimulated with the serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans compared with the other serotypes. In addition, these higher expression levels of CCLs and CCRs positively correlated with the increased levels of T-bet and RORC2 when T lymphocytes were stimulated with the serotype b.Conclusion A T-lymphocyte response biased towards a Th1- and Th17-pattern of CCL and CCR expression was detected under stimulation with the serotype b ofA. actinomycetemcomitans.

Porphyromonas gingivalis and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans IgG subclass antibody levels as immunological risk indicators of chronic periodontitis: a multilevel approach / Niveles de anticuerpos subclase IgG de porphyromonas gingivalis y aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans como indicadores de riesgo inmunológico de periodontitis crónica: un enfoque multinivel

Antibody levels to some periodontal pathogens are associated with enhanced levels of inflammatory markers. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relative contribution of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass antibody level factors and local factors on the probing pocket depth in chronic periodontitis. Serum samples were taken from 444 patients diagnosed with moderate and severe periodontitis and 223 control subjects. The IgG subclass antibody titers to Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Tanerella forsythia (Tf) using indirect immunoassay (ELISA) were determined. The relative contribution of patient, tooth and site-associated parameters on the probing pocket depth were evaluated with a hierarchical multilevel model. The results indicated that periodontitis patients had detectable levels of IgG1 and IgG2. High IgG1 and IgG2 antibody levels against Aa occurred in 132 and 142 periodontitis patients, respectively. High IgG1 and IgG2 antibody levels against Pg occurred in 141 and 138, periodontitis patients, respectively, and High IgG1 and IgG2 antibody levels against Tf occurred in 121 and 136 periodontitis patients, respectively. The majority of the variance was attributed to the site level (48 percent). The multilevel analysis associated deeper probing depth with subject factors (serum IgG1 and IgG2 antibody to Pg and Aa), tooth factors (tooth type), and site factors (mesial-distal location and bleeding on probing). Elevated serum IgG1 and IgG2 antibody to Pg and Aa (subject factors) reflects destructive periodontal disease status.

Los niveles de anticuerpos en algunos patógenos periodontales están asociados con mayores niveles de marcadores inflamatorios. El propósito de este estudio fue examinar la contribución relativa de inmunoglobulina sérica G (IgG) factores de nivel de anticuerpos de subclase y factores locales en la profundidad del sondaje en periodontitis crónica. Se tomaron muestras de suero de 444 pacientes con diagnóstico de periodontitis moderada y grave y de 223 sujetos de control. Se determinaron los títulos de anticuerpos IgG subclase a Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) y Tanerella forsythia (Tf) mediante inmunoensayo indirecto (ELISA). La contribución relativa de los pacientes, los dientes, y el sitio asociado a los parámetros en la profundidad de sondaje fueron evaluados con un modelo multinivel jerárquico. Los resultados indicaron que los pacientes con periodontitis tenían niveles detectables de IgG1 e IgG2. Altos niveles de anticuerpos IgG1 e IgG2 contra Aa fueron observados en 132 y 142 pacientes con periodontitis, respectivamente. Niveles altos de anticuerpos IgG1 e IgG2 contra Pg fueron detectados en 141 y 138 en pacientes con periodontitis respectivamente, y niveles altos de anticuerpos IgG1 e IgG2 contra Tf se produjeron en 121 y 136 pacientes con periodontitis, respectivamente. La mayor parte de la varianza se atribuyó a nivel de sitio (48 por ciento). El análisis multinivel asociados a profundidad de sondaje con factores relacionados a los sujetos, anticuerpos (suero IgG1 e IgG2 Aa y Pg), factores de los dientes (tipo) y los factores del sitio (localización mesial - distal y sangrado al sondaje). Anticuerpos elevados de suero IgG1 e IgG2 Aa y Pg (factores de los sujetos) reflejan el estado de la enfermedad periodontal destructiva.

Periodontal vaccine.

Vaccine is the name applied generally to a substance of the nature of dead or attenuated living infectious material introduced into the body with the object of increasing its power to resist or get rid of a disease. Vaccines are generally prophylactic, i.e. they ameliorate the effects of future infection. One such vaccine considered here is the "Periodontal vaccine". Till date, no preventive modality exists for periodontal disease and treatment rendered is palliative. Thus, availability of periodontal vaccine would not only prevent and modulate periodontal disease, but also enhance the quality of life of people for whom periodontal treatment cannot be easily obtained. The aim of the research should be development of a multispecies vaccine targeting the four prime periodontal pathogens, viz. Porphyromonas gingivalis, T. forsythus, T. denticola and A. comitans. Success is still elusive in case of periodontal vaccine due to the complex etiopathogenesis of the disease.

Anticorpos séricos IgG anti-Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 e 29523 em indivíduos com diferentes condiçöes periodontais / Serum IgG antibodies to Actinibacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 and 29523 in individuals with different periodontal conditions

Usando a técnica da imunofluorescência indireta, foi comparada a frequência de detecçäo e o título de anticorpos séricos IgG específicos para as cepas Y4 e 29523 do Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans entre 5 grupos de indivíduos classificados clínica e radiograficamente como portadores de periodonto normal (jovem e adulto), gengivite, periodontite e desdentados totais. Com títulos baixos, situando-se entre 1:1 e 1:40 em 82,8 por cento e 64,6 por cento dos soros, para Y4 e 29523, respectivamente, foi alta a freqüência de detecçäo de anticorpos em todos os grupos, com positividades de 87,8 por cento e 66,6 por cento. Näo se verificou diferença estatisticamente significante nos níveis médios de anticorpos para Y4 e 29523 entre os grupos. Todavia, ao se comparar os títulos para as duas bactérias entre si, os resultados para Y4 foram significantemente diferentes dos resultados para 29523 nos grupos normal jovem e de periodontite